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SDI in the Great Plains​

Session 15. International Status and Experiences with Microirrigation II

Introduction of Pressure Irrigation in Developing Countries

Dov Nir

The Third World contains more than three-quarters of the world's population; with the high rate of growth and improved health services in that part of the world and the decreasing growth rate in the developed countries, this proportion is ever growing, and with it the demand for food and fiber.

In humid regions the growing demand will be met, at least partially, by improving rain-fed production by means of proper cultivation methods, adequate drainage, erosion control, and water storage. In the arid regions, irrigation is essential; this is carried out at present mostly by surface methods, but many factors, such as low efficiency of the use of water, land and other resources, as well as the hard work involved, makes the change to pressure irrigation methods, such as sprinkling and trickle irrigation, become increasingly attractive.

Keywords: Irrigation Systems, Planning, Developing countries

Abstract taken from paper found on pages 442 to 445 in Proceedings of 5th International Microirrigation Congress, April 2-6, 1995, Orlando, Florida. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, USA. Phone: 616-429-0300 FAX: 616-429-3852 EMAIL: HQ@ASAE.ORG

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Issues of Standardisation and Scope of Drip Irrigation in India

H. S. Chauhan

Drip irrigation has been recently introduced in India and has been adopted at a fast pace in four southern states mostly for horticultural crops. Through 1993, the practice has been adopted in 66000 ha. About 50 system manufacturers have begun fabrication and installation of drip equipment. Standardisation of different components is being taken up by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). Structure of BIS and some typical issues are discussed. Various soil, climate, crop, and water resources factors that are conducive to growth and expansion of drip irrigation in India are discussed.

Keywords: Standardisation, Drip/Trickle irrigation

Abstract taken from paper found on pages 446 to 451 in Proceedings of 5th International Microirrigation Congress, April 2-6, 1995, Orlando, Florida. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, USA. Phone: 616-429-0300 FAX: 616-429-3852 EMAIL: HQ@ASAE.ORG

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The Status of Microirrigation in Maharashtra, India

S. S. Magar

Maharashtra State lacks adequate water resources and it is possible that some North Indian river basin's water could be diverted to the state. But this depends largely on the availability of socio-political will and funds. Sahyadri hills divide the state into high rainfall (3000-4000mm) and low rainfall (500-700mm) zones. An area of about 34% towards the eastern side of Sahyadri hills is drought prone and therefore unpredictable for traditional agriculture. Maharashtra state depends upon an estimated available water resource of 736 billion cubic meters for all purposes. Trickle irrigation is an alternative for self sufficiency in water resources and maximization of water use efficiency. In a period of 10 years, at least thrice, acute drought occurred and to cope with it, many farmers adopted the trickle irrigation technique. The State Government encouragement and the grape-growers adoption of the system in 1987 heralded a new era in the state. The high cost and technical incompetence were the initial bottlenecks. However, massive efforts of the Agricultural Universities, Agricultural Department and voluntary organizations in the State, increased the drip area to the extent of 31,000 ha in a span of 5 years. The State has planned a target of an additional 10,000 ha every year. In the next decade, it is expected that about one million hectares will be brought under trickle irrigation for horticultural and cash crops. At present sugarcane is considered as a potential crop to be brought under drip irrigation. In this context, it is very significant to eliminate traditional canal system and surrogate the entire area under minor irrigation projects with drip systems. Use of computer solenoid valves and autoflush systems have been adopted by progressive grape growers in the state.

Keywords: Drought, Drip, Water use efficiency, canal system, solenoid valve

Abstract taken from paper found on pages 452 to 456 in Proceedings of 5th International Microirrigation Congress, April 2-6, 1995, Orlando, Florida. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, USA. Phone: 616-429-0300 FAX: 616-429-3852 EMAIL: HQ@ASAE.ORG

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Scope and Potential of Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems in Rajasthan, India

Jaspal Singh, A. K. Singh, Rajeev Garg

The State of Rajasthan, India, commonly known as Land of DESERT has very limited water resources. The geographical area of Rajasthan is 34.2 m ha which is approximately 10 percent of total area of the country, but the water resources of the state account for only 1 percent of the country. The adoption of drip and sprinkler irrigation water application methods can increase the irrigated area to more than double from the same quantity of water required for traditional surface methods and management. Further scope of expansion of irrigation under drip irrigation is possible by utilizing saline water which is available in plenty. In this paper an effort is made for finding the scope and potential of sprinkler and drip irrigation for the state of Rajasthan, India.

Keywords: Arid, Sprinkler, Drip, Monsoon

Abstract taken from paper found on pages 457 to 463 in Proceedings of 5th International Microirrigation Congress, April 2-6, 1995, Orlando, Florida. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, USA. Phone: 616-429-0300 FAX: 616-429-3852 EMAIL: HQ@ASAE.ORG

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A Comparison of Irrigation Methods in Arid and Semi-arid Western Gujarat-India

D. D. Malavia, V. D. Khanpara, H. K. Shobhana, B. A. Golakiya

Water is a costly input in arid and semi-arid tracts of Western Gujarat-India. Surface flooding, sprinkler and drip irrigation methods have been evaluated with different system layout and planting pattern in the major crops of the region. Sprinkler was superior to surface flooding; and drip method (0.8 Cumulative Pan Evaporation) with skip row system layout was superior to surface irrigation with respect to yield, water use efficiency and net realization in groundnut. Drip irrigation at 0.8 CPE in sugarcane increased the yield (9.0%) and WUE (25.8%) as compared to surface flooding. Drip irrigation at 1.0 CPE in garlic and eggplant raised the yield by 8.42% and 37.0% and WUE by 49.5% and 25.0%, respectively, over surface flooding. Maximum WUE was recorded with drip irrigation at all the CPE in castor.

Keywords: Irrigation method, Drip, Sprinkler, System layout

Abstract taken from paper found on pages 464 to 469 in Proceedings of 5th International Microirrigation Congress, April 2-6, 1995, Orlando, Florida. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, USA. Phone: 616-429-0300 FAX: 616-429-3852 EMAIL: HQ@ASAE.ORG