1. K-State home
  2. »Research and Extension
  3. »News
  4. »News Stories
  5. »Drones help Kansas State University researchers stay on top of wheat improvement

K-State Research and Extension News

Daljit Singh with drone in Indian wheat field

Kansas State University graduate student Daljit Singh leads the high-throughput phenotyping efforts in India for the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics | Download this photo.

Drones help Kansas State researchers stay on top of wheat improvement

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics works globally to develop improved varieties

October 9, 2017

MANHATTAN, Kan. – It may be approaching winter in Kansas, but the field work on wheat genetics is going full steam for wheat scientist Jesse Poland.

Half a world away, Poland – an associate professor of plant pathology at Kansas State University – is learning critical information that will lead to future generations of wheat in Kansas and beyond.

“Field seasons in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are offset from the field seasons here in Kansas,” said Poland, who is also director of the university’s Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics. “We can actually be doing work in India during the winter here, learning things and improving the systems, then bring that back and add another season of innovation and improvement here in Kansas. It greatly increases the speed of innovation and testing in our field research.

For the past three years, Poland and a team of researchers have worked in five countries to test and develop new agricultural technologies that are already improving the way crops are grown.

The most promising of those technologies is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, to scout agricultural fields for important data. UAVs can do the work in a fraction of the time that it would take humans.

“What we are trying to do is take these UAVs to the breeding fields to efficiently and quickly measure plant traits,” said Daljit Singh, a Kansas State University graduate student from India who works in Poland’s lab.

Armed with sophisticated, multi-spectral cameras measuring only a few inches, the drones work up and down rows of lush wheat fields, measuring traits such as the plant’s height and vegetation index, or ‘green-ness’ of the plant, which is determined by the amount of light it reflects. The process is known as high-throughput phenotyping because it collects large amounts of information about the plant’s traits, or phenotype.

“The cameras capture the near-infrared light – red, white, green and blue,” Singh said. “From that, we create a vegetation index because the light reflected from the plant leaves can be associated with the stress levels. The amount of near-infrared reflectance is an indication of whether the plant is going through some type of stress. It can be sick, or have other diseases. It gives us a rapid measurement of what is going on.”

For more complex phenotypes, Poland added: “It’s similar to facial recognition algorithms; it is using artificial intelligence directly on images. We are developing partnerships with many groups to apply these same approaches to pictures of wheat plants. So, using big datasets of hundreds of thousands of images, you train these algorithms to look at different pictures of wheat plants and identify traits of interest.”

The use of drones and the quickness with which they collect information helps researchers develop massive data sets. Poland says scientists now have the ability to compare genetic differences between thousands of candidate wheat varieties to make better yielding, more heat tolerant and more disease resistant varieties.

“If you can do more rapid and more accurate selections, then you’re really more efficient in finding that needle in the haystack, the one out of 1,000 that is better all around that can be a new high-performing wheat variety,” Poland said.

K-State’s Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics was funded in 2013 for $5 million and has projects in the U.S., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Mexico, where Poland says his group works directly with scientists at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, known in the industry as CIMMYT.

Poland said that CIMMYT is “by far the most advanced, elite breeding program in the world,” distributing new wheat varieties across the globe.

Broadly speaking, the work by Poland’s team will help contribute toward food security for a world population that is expected to reach 9.7 billion people by the year 2050. It’s one big reason why the U.S. Agency for International Development has funded 24 Feed the Future labs that address numerous challenges in agriculture, including the one that Poland directs and three others at Kansas State University.

“As a very blessed country with a lot of resources, there comes an equal responsibility to take that to the benefit of the rest of the world,” Poland said. “We are trying to help a number of countries, but especially ones defined in the Feed the Future initiatives that are really in a state of current or potential food insecurity. That represents hundreds and hundreds of millions of people in these target regions that are at or maybe just a step above subsistence level farming and household nutrition.”

“An obvious benefit of doing this work is to take agricultural innovations that can help these countries and these people to develop into more productive economies and increase their food security and standard of living.”

SIDEBAR

What is Feed the Future?

The U.S. Agency for International Development established the Feed the Future Innovation Labs program to harness the capacity of U.S. land-grant institutions, other universities and the private sector to improve food security globally.

Feed the Future, and the newly minted U.S. Government Global Food Security Strategy, seeks to promote inclusive growth of agricultural economies, increase resilience against shocks and improve health and nutrition in Feed the Future-targeted countries. K-State officials say the university’s four innovation labs are contributing to these goals in major ways.

Here is an overview of the four labs currently housed at Kansas State University:

Applied Wheat Genomics

http://www.k-state.edu/wheat-innovation-lab

  • Funded in 2013 for $5 million
  • Focuses on developing heat-tolerant, high-yielding and farmer-accepted wheat varieties for South Asia
  • Focus countries are Bangladesh, India and Pakistan

 

Post-Harvest Loss

http://www.k-state.edu/phl

  • Funded in 2014 for $8.5 million; $15 million in associate awards
  • Focuses on improving global food security by reducing post-harvest losses in long-term storage crops, such as grains, oilseeds, legumes, root crops and seeds
  • Focus countries are Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana and Guatemala
  • Has received an additional $3 million for projects in Nepal, Honduras and Afghanistan

 

Sorghum and Millet

http://www.k-state.edu/smil

  • Funded in 2013 for $13.7 million base; $10 million in associate awards
  • Focuses on improving the productivity, disease resistance, agronomy and economic value of sorghum and millet
  • Focus countries are Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger and Senegal
  • Will seek a second five-year funding cycle in July 2018

 

Sustainable Intensification

http://www.k-state.edu/siil

  • Funded in 2014 for $32 million; $18 million in associate awards
  • Focuses on developing practices for producing more food and nutrition on the same land base while protecting natural resources
  • Focus countries are Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Senegal and Tanzania

Source

Jesse Poland
785-532-2709
jpoland@ksu.edu

Website

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics

Written by

Pat Melgares
785-532-1160
melgares@ksu.edu

At a glance

Researchers in Kansas State University’s Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics are using drones to improve wheat varieties around the world.

Notable quote

“We are trying to help a number of countries, but especially ones defined in the Feed the Future initiatives that are really in a state of current or potential food insecurity. That represents hundreds and hundreds of millions of people in these target regions that are at or maybe just a step above subsistence level farming and household nutrition.”

-- Jesse Poland, director, Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics


KSRE logo
K‑State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the wellbeing of Kansans.
Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county extension offices, experiment fields, area extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K‑State campus in Manhattan.